{"id":2547,"date":"2020-04-02T10:38:52","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T10:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/?page_id=2547"},"modified":"2023-10-23T08:47:02","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T08:47:02","slug":"misconceptions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/teaching\/lcse\/letture\/misconceptions\/","title":{"rendered":"Misconceptions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4><strong>Lezione 1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>La let\u00adtu\u00adra asse\u00adgna\u00adta per que\u00adsta lezio\u00adne \u00e8 un sur\u00advey sul con\u00adcet\u00adto di miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion (\u201cidea sba\u00adglia\u00adta\u201d) negli stu\u00adden\u00adti. A vol\u00adte le miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion ven\u00adgo\u00adno eti\u00adchet\u00adta\u00adte come \u201calter\u00adna\u00adti\u00adve con\u00adcep\u00adtion\u201d, per evi\u00adta\u00adre di evi\u00adden\u00adzia\u00adre con\u00adno\u00adta\u00adti nega\u00adti\u00advi. Personalmente, il ter\u00admi\u00adne miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion non mi dispia\u00adce; una vol\u00adta iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adte nei ragaz\u00adzi, pos\u00adso\u00adno diven\u00adta\u00adre un\u2019oc\u00adca\u00adsio\u00adne di apprendimento.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yizhou Qian and James Lehman. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320679287_Students'_Misconceptions_and_Other_Difficulties_in_Introductory_Programming_A_Literature_Review\"><em>Students\u2019 Misconceptions and Other Difficulties in Introductory Programming: A Literature Review<\/em><\/a>. <span class=\"caps\">ACM<\/span> Transactions on Computing Education. 18(1):1\u201324. (2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nell\u2019articolo tro\u00adva\u00adte cita\u00adta la distin\u00adzio\u00adne fra syn\u00adtac\u00adtic, con\u00adcep\u00adtual e stra\u00adte\u00adgic kno\u00adw\u00adled\u00adge che ho accen\u00adna\u00adto nel\u00adla lezio\u00adne pre\u00adce\u00adden\u00adte (Sezione 2), e uti\u00adliz\u00adza que\u00adsta distin\u00adzio\u00adne per clas\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adre le miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion prin\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adli (Sezione 3). Continua discu\u00adten\u00addo i fat\u00adto\u00adri prin\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adli che pos\u00adso\u00adno por\u00adta\u00adre a miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion (Sezione 4) e le pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli stra\u00adte\u00adgie di inter\u00adven\u00adto (Sezione 5). Queste sono le sezio\u00adni prin\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adli su cui concentrarsi.<\/p>\n<p>Oltre alla soli\u00adta valu\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne per\u00adso\u00adna\u00adle del testo in gene\u00adra\u00adle, vi pro\u00adpon\u00adgo que\u00adsta attivit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) Gestione del\u00adle <\/strong><b>miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Un par\u00adti\u00adco\u00adla\u00adre pun\u00adto di atten\u00adzio\u00adne che vor\u00adrei por\u00adta\u00adre alla vostra discus\u00adsio\u00adne \u00e8 quel\u00adlo rela\u00adti\u00advo agli inter\u00adven\u00adti come inse\u00adgnan\u00adte rela\u00adti\u00adva\u00admen\u00adte alle miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion. Non ho ricet\u00adte \u201casso\u00adlu\u00adte\u201d qui; sto rac\u00adco\u00adglien\u00addo un po\u2019 di spun\u00adti nei testi che sto leg\u00adgen\u00addo, e li pre\u00adsen\u00adte\u00adr\u00f2 al ter\u00admi\u00adne del\u00adla lezio\u00adne. Di nuo\u00advo, vi chie\u00addo per\u00f2 di riflet\u00adter\u00adci per\u00adso\u00adnal\u00admen\u00adte e di pro\u00adva\u00adre a por\u00adta\u00adre la vostra opinione.<\/p>\n<h4>Lezione 2<\/h4>\n<p><strong>2) Elencare le misconception<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>data la vostra espe\u00adrien\u00adza (di stu\u00adden\u00adti del\u00adle supe\u00adrio\u00adri, di stu\u00adden\u00adti uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adta\u00adri, alcu\u00adni di voi come tutor, alcu\u00adni di voi come inse\u00adgnan\u00adti, alcu\u00adni di voi come per\u00adso\u00adne che fan\u00adno ripe\u00adti\u00adzio\u00adni), pro\u00adva\u00adte ad elen\u00adca\u00adre \u201cmiscon\u00adcep\u00adtion\u201d nel\u00adla pro\u00adgram\u00adma\u00adzio\u00adne in cui vi sie\u00adte imbat\u00adtu\u00adti, per\u00adso\u00adnal\u00admen\u00adte o in&nbsp;altri<\/li>\n<li>com\u00adple\u00adta\u00adte l\u2019e\u00adlen\u00adco rac\u00adco\u00adglien\u00addo spun\u00adti dal testo di Quian e Lehman, pi\u00f9 da even\u00adtua\u00adli altri docu\u00admen\u00adti (ne elen\u00adco un paio&nbsp;sotto)<\/li>\n<li>se vole\u00adte, lavo\u00adra\u00adte a que\u00adsto task in grup\u00adpo, rac\u00adco\u00adglien\u00addo insie\u00adme que\u00adsti elen\u00adchi tra\u00admi\u00adte un testo condiviso.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>pen\u00adso che iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adche\u00adre\u00adte un sac\u00adco di miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion rela\u00adti\u00adve alle aree sin\u00adtat\u00adti\u00adche e con\u00adcet\u00adtua\u00adli, poco rispet\u00adto a quel\u00adle stra\u00adte\u00adgi\u00adche. Riflettete sul perch\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Al fine di com\u00adpren\u00adde\u00adre meglio qua\u00adli potreb\u00adbe\u00adro esse\u00adre le miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion che stia\u00admo cer\u00adcan\u00addo, que\u00adsta potreb\u00adbe esse\u00adre una pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adle classificazione:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Generali (il con\u00adcet\u00adto gene\u00adra\u00adle di pro\u00adgram\u00adma e di esecuzione)<\/li>\n<li>Assegnamento (con\u00adcet\u00adto di varia\u00adbi\u00adle, asse\u00adgna\u00admen\u00adti e valu\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne del\u00adle espressioni)<\/li>\n<li>Controllo (sequen\u00adze, istru\u00adzio\u00adni con\u00addi\u00adzio\u00adna\u00adli,&nbsp;cicli)<\/li>\n<li>Chiamate (invo\u00adca\u00adzio\u00adne fun\u00adzio\u00adni e pas\u00adsag\u00adgio parametri)<\/li>\n<li>Memoria (vet\u00adto\u00adri, matri\u00adci, oggetti)<\/li>\n<li>Reference (refe\u00adren\u00adce, pun\u00adta\u00adto\u00adri, iden\u00adti\u00adt\u00e0 degli oggetti)<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"caps\">OO<\/span> (rela\u00adti\u00adve all\u2019o\u00adb\u00adject orien\u00adta\u00adtion, alle clas\u00adsi, alle istanze)<\/li>\n<li>Ricorsione<\/li>\n<li>Varie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Questa divi\u00adsio\u00adne \u00e8 artificiale\/incompleta, ser\u00adve solo come pun\u00adto di par\u00adten\u00adza. Potete deci\u00adde\u00adre per una clas\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adzio\u00adne diver\u00adsa, accor\u00adpan\u00addo o smem\u00adbran\u00addo le categorie.<\/p>\n<p>Pu\u00f2 esse\u00adre uti\u00adle pren\u00adde\u00adre qual\u00adche spun\u00adto da qual\u00adche testo aggiun\u00adti\u00advo, fra quel\u00adli elen\u00adca\u00adti nel\u00adl\u2019ar\u00adti\u00adco\u00adlo da leg\u00adge\u00adre. Ne cito un paio qui, uno di ras\u00adse\u00adgna (pi\u00f9 vec\u00adchio, del 2004) e uno spe\u00adci\u00adfi\u00adco per un lin\u00adguag\u00adgio di pro\u00adgram\u00adma\u00adzio\u00adne (Python).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Michael Clancy. <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1M_CeWKmwHGR3XV7-ZzOvjPqO0XUfgkQd\">Misconceptions and Attitudes that Interfere with Learning to<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1M_CeWKmwHGR3XV7-ZzOvjPqO0XUfgkQd\">Program<\/a>. In&nbsp;<i>Computer Science Education Research<\/i>, S. Fincher and M. Petre Eds., Routledge, 85\u2013100 (2004)<\/li>\n<li>Tobias Kohn. <a href=\"https:\/\/tobiaskohn.ch\/files\/Dissertation_TKohn.pdf\">Teaching Python Programming to Novices: Addressing Misconceptions and Creating a Development Environment<\/a>. Phd. Thesis, <span class=\"caps\">ETH<\/span> Zurich (2017). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Solo capi\u00adto\u00adlo&nbsp;6.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Al ter\u00admi\u00adne del\u00adla lezio\u00adne vi pre\u00adsen\u00adte\u00adr\u00f2 una lista mol\u00adto lun\u00adga di miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion elen\u00adca\u00adte in let\u00adte\u00adra\u00adtu\u00adra (oltre 160!), ma lo sco\u00adpo di que\u00adsto eser\u00adci\u00adzio \u00e8 far\u00advi riflet\u00adte\u00adre pri\u00adma di vede\u00adre una lista gi\u00e0 \u201cpron\u00adta\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) Gestione dell\u2019errore<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion sin\u00adtat\u00adti\u00adche dan\u00adno (qua\u00adsi) sem\u00adpre ori\u00adgi\u00adne a mes\u00adsag\u00adgi di erro\u00adre. Anche le miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion con\u00adcet\u00adtua\u00adli pos\u00adso\u00adno dare ori\u00adgi\u00adne a mes\u00adsag\u00adgi di erro\u00adre. Spesso e volen\u00adtie\u00adri, que\u00adsti mes\u00adsag\u00adgi sono pro\u00adget\u00adta\u00adti per uten\u00adti esper\u00adti, non per i pro\u00adgram\u00adma\u00adto\u00adri alle pri\u00adme armi e quin\u00addi non sono uti\u00adli a com\u00adpren\u00adde\u00adre la miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion alla base dell\u2019errore.<\/p>\n<p>Banalizzando, un pro\u00adces\u00adso \u201cnor\u00adma\u00adle\u201d nel cor\u00adso del\u00adl\u2019in\u00adse\u00adgna\u00admen\u00adto potreb\u00adbe esse\u00adre quel\u00adlo di rea\u00adgi\u00adre ai mes\u00adsag\u00adgi iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcan\u00addo la miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion e uti\u00adliz\u00adzan\u00addo\u00adla come occa\u00adsio\u00adne di inse\u00adgna\u00admen\u00adto. Non pos\u00adsia\u00admo usa\u00adre que\u00adsto approc\u00adcio qui, per\u00adch\u00e9 non abbia\u00admo stu\u00adden\u00adti inesperti.<\/p>\n<p>Vi pro\u00adpon\u00adgo quin\u00addi un approc\u00adcio inver\u00adso: come eser\u00adci\u00adzio, pro\u00adva\u00adte a scri\u00adve\u00adre codi\u00adce, in qual\u00adche lin\u00adguag\u00adgio, che evi\u00adden\u00adzia una miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion e ripor\u00adta\u00adte il mes\u00adsag\u00adgio di erro\u00adre. Riflettete sul\u00adla sua chia\u00adrez\u00adza e come potre\u00adste aiu\u00adta\u00adre uno stu\u00adden\u00adte nel risol\u00adve\u00adre tale problema.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>M<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">ate\u00adria\u00adle lezione<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1eqhui6xgRod_sBFxftccBiVdh7KmmOFb\/view?usp=sharing\">Misconception cata\u00adlo\u00adgue<\/a>. Da Juha Sorva. <a style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/aaltodoc.aalto.fi\/handle\/123456789\/3534\">Visual Program Simulation in Introductory Programming Education<\/a>. Ph.D. Thesis, Aalto University. (2012)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Slide pre\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adte duran\u00adte la lezio\u00adne [<a href=\"http:\/\/disi.unitn.it\/~montreso\/lcse\/slides\/06-misconceptions.pdf\">Link<\/a>]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lezione 1 La let\u00adtu\u00adra asse\u00adgna\u00adta per que\u00adsta lezio\u00adne \u00e8 un sur\u00advey sul con\u00adcet\u00adto di miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion (\u201cidea sba\u00adglia\u00adta\u201d) negli stu\u00adden\u00adti. A vol\u00adte le miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion ven\u00adgo\u00adno eti\u00adchet\u00adta\u00adte come \u201calter\u00adna\u00adti\u00adve con\u00adcep\u00adtion\u201d, per evi\u00adta\u00adre di evi\u00adden\u00adzia\u00adre con\u00adno\u00adta\u00adti nega\u00adti\u00advi. Personalmente, il ter\u00admi\u00adne miscon\u00adcep\u00adtion non mi dispia\u00adce; una vol\u00adta iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adte nei ragaz\u00adzi, pos\u00adso\u00adno diven\u00adta\u00adre un\u2019oc\u00adca\u00adsio\u00adne di appren\u00addi\u00admen\u00adto. Yizhou Qian and&nbsp;James&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2311,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2547","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2547"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4961,"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2547\/revisions\/4961"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cricca.disi.unitn.it\/montresor\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}